Основні тенденції формування вищої жіночої освіти Півдня України у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття

Abstract

Висвітлено історичні передумови становлення системи вищих жіночих шкіл Півдня України в ІІ половині ХІХ ст. Центром вищої освіти була Одеса. Розкрито боротьбу інтелігенції міста за відкриття вищих жіночих курсів та вищих медичних жіночих курсів, що відбулося на початку ХХ ст. Курси орієнтувалися на навчальні програми Новоросійського університету. Проаналізовано якісний і кількісний склад курсисток, розкрито матеріально-технічну базу курсів. Здобуття вищої освіти розширювало соціальні ролі жінок. Освещены исторические предпосылки становления системы высших женских школ Юга Украины во второй половине XIX в. Центром высшего образования была Одесса. Раскрыта борьба интеллигенции города за открытие высших женских курсов и высших женских медицинских курсов, что и произошло в начале ХХ в. Курсы ориентировались на учебные программы Новороссийского университета. Проанализировано качествен-ный и количественный состав курсисток, раскрыто материально-техническую базу курсов. Получение высше-го образования расширяло социальные роли женщин. The purpose of the article is an attempt to enlighten the pre-conditions of formation of the system of women’s higher education in the south of Ukraine, to examine the system of higher educational establishments for women in Odesa at the beginning of the XXth century, to characterize the content of their education, to determine the role of these establishments in the life of women. The struggle of Odesa intellectuals for creating women’s higher courses had been going on since the second half of the XIXth century. The Novorussian society of nature researchers played an important role in it. Only in 1906, thanks to the intercession of the Novorussian university professors, women’s higher courses were created as parts of physical-and-mathematical, historical-and- philological, and later juridical faculties. Odesa courses organization resembled that of university, but they had a social-and-private character. Girls from all estates studied there. Educational plans and programs approximated to the level of the Novorussian university. The analysis of the educa-tional programs testifies to considerable amount of knowledge in natural, exact and social disciplines. The high level of teaching was thanks to fruitful work of the Novorussian university professors. Women attending higher courses had possibilities to work in scientific laboratories and studies of this higher educational establishment. Odesa women’s higher medical courses were opened in 1910 on the initiative of the professors of Novorussian university medical faculty. These courses were an absolutely new educational establishment in the sector of higher school because at the beginning of the XXth century there were no medical higher schools but only medical facilities of higher schools. The necessity of foundation of such an establishment was urgent. The program of the medical courses approximated at most to the program of the medical faculties of the university. Odesa local authorities placed all medical and sanitary establishments to their disposal. Rich representatives of non-privileged estates studied on the courses. It has been concluded that obtaining higher education opened new ways of self-realization of the women in the south of Ukraine. A woman had an active position in the society, her social role was not limited with the role of wife, housewife, mother.